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1 введение трубы
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > введение трубы
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2 введение трубы
Metallurgy: tube entering, tube entering (в канал волоки) -
3 introducción
f.1 introduction, preamble, lead-in, prologue.2 introduction, input, insertion, putting-in.* * *1 introduction* * *noun f.* * *SF1) [de texto] introduction"Introducción a la gramática española" — "Introduction to Spanish Grammar"
2) (=inserción) insertionla introducción del tubo puede causar heridas — inserting the tube o the insertion of the tube can cause injury, the tube's insertion could cause injury
3) (=llegada) [de mercancías, cambios] introductionla revolución que supuso la introducción del vídeo en los hogares — the revolution caused by the arrival of the video in the home
4) (Inform) [de datos] input* * *1) (en libro, obra musical) introduction2)a) (de cambio, medida) introductionla introducción de un nuevo producto en el mercado — the introduction of a new product onto the market
b) ( inserción) insertionc) (a tema, cultura) introduction* * *= background, leading remark, overview, penetration, prelude, preparation, infusion, induction, backgrounder, entrée, build-up [buildup], rollout [roll-out].Nota: De un producto, principalmente..Ex. This article describes the Nordic online data base situation, outlining its background and future developments, as well as the supply of different kinds of data base.Ex. Indeed, to spark reader's curiosity incomplete and leading remarks are possible the most effective.Ex. Figure 16 on page 24 gives an overview of searching.Ex. The somewhat late arrival of the ROOT thesaurus in the indexing world means that its penetration will be slow, although it has great potential as a tool for standardizing indexing languages.Ex. As a prelude to using the scheme, we will briefly outline the various sections of this book.Ex. A study then of the underlying features of the classification process and the components of a classification scheme is a preparation for the more critical and informed application of classification schemes.Ex. The infusion of computers and data bases into the law office and the tremendous increase in published legal materials have given rise to the need for the law librarian.Ex. The author concludes that the new course offered an overall improvement in library induction.Ex. He provides information ' backgrounders' to 100-200 people.Ex. Now that information is being distributed through the visual media, exhibitions can provide an entree for diversified and potentially larger audiences.Ex. The work completed to date has only been a build-up to the main phase but its usefulness has already been shown.Ex. The interview provides a behind-the-scenes look at the company's preparation for the service's official rollout in Summer 2000.----* anterior a la introducción de la escritura = preliterate [pre-literate].* hacer una introducción = set + the scene.* hacer una introducción histórica = give + background information.* introducción (a) = introduction (to).* introducción de datos utilizando un teclado = keypunching.* modo de introducción de datos = input mode.* ofrecer una introducción a = provide + a background to.* posterior a la introducción de la escritura = postliterate [post-literate].* programa de introducción a la biblioteca = library training programme.* servir de introducción = set + the backdrop, set + the framework, set + the context.* servir de introducción a = provide + a background to.* tecla de introducción de datos = ENTER key.* * *1) (en libro, obra musical) introduction2)a) (de cambio, medida) introductionla introducción de un nuevo producto en el mercado — the introduction of a new product onto the market
b) ( inserción) insertionc) (a tema, cultura) introduction* * *= background, leading remark, overview, penetration, prelude, preparation, infusion, induction, backgrounder, entrée, build-up [buildup], rollout [roll-out].Nota: De un producto, principalmente..Ex: This article describes the Nordic online data base situation, outlining its background and future developments, as well as the supply of different kinds of data base.
Ex: Indeed, to spark reader's curiosity incomplete and leading remarks are possible the most effective.Ex: Figure 16 on page 24 gives an overview of searching.Ex: The somewhat late arrival of the ROOT thesaurus in the indexing world means that its penetration will be slow, although it has great potential as a tool for standardizing indexing languages.Ex: As a prelude to using the scheme, we will briefly outline the various sections of this book.Ex: A study then of the underlying features of the classification process and the components of a classification scheme is a preparation for the more critical and informed application of classification schemes.Ex: The infusion of computers and data bases into the law office and the tremendous increase in published legal materials have given rise to the need for the law librarian.Ex: The author concludes that the new course offered an overall improvement in library induction.Ex: He provides information ' backgrounders' to 100-200 people.Ex: Now that information is being distributed through the visual media, exhibitions can provide an entree for diversified and potentially larger audiences.Ex: The work completed to date has only been a build-up to the main phase but its usefulness has already been shown.Ex: The interview provides a behind-the-scenes look at the company's preparation for the service's official rollout in Summer 2000.* anterior a la introducción de la escritura = preliterate [pre-literate].* hacer una introducción = set + the scene.* hacer una introducción histórica = give + background information.* introducción (a) = introduction (to).* introducción de datos utilizando un teclado = keypunching.* modo de introducción de datos = input mode.* ofrecer una introducción a = provide + a background to.* posterior a la introducción de la escritura = postliterate [post-literate].* programa de introducción a la biblioteca = library training programme.* servir de introducción = set + the backdrop, set + the framework, set + the context.* servir de introducción a = provide + a background to.* tecla de introducción de datos = ENTER key.* * *A (en un libro, una obra musical) introductionB1 (de un cambio, una medida) introductionla introducción de un nuevo producto en el mercado the introduction of a new product onto the marketla introducción de esa enmienda modifica sustancialmente la ley the inclusion of that amendment substantially alters the act2 (inserción) insertionla introducción de la aguja en el músculo the insertion of the needle into the muscle3 (a un tema, una cultura) introduction introducción A algo introduction TO sthsu introducción a los misterios de la informática her introduction to o initiation into the mysteries of computers* * *
introducción sustantivo femenino
introduction;
introducción A algo introduction to sth
introducción sustantivo femenino introduction
' introducción' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
que
- iniciación
- título
English:
insertion
- institution
- intro
- introduction
- preamble
- preface
- introductory
* * *introducción nf1. [presentación] introduction (a to);introducción a la lingüística [título] an introduction to linguistics;un curso de introducción a la informática an introductory course in computing2. [de libro] introduction3. [de composición musical] introduction;[en música pop] intro4. [inserción] [de objeto] insertion;Informát [de datos] input, entering5. [de novedad, medida, política, en mercado] introduction;precio especial de introducción special introductory price;la introducción de la moneda única the introduction of the single currency;a él se debe la introducción de la patata en Europa he was responsible for the introduction of the potato to Europe;una banda que se dedica a la introducción de tabaco de contrabando en Europa a gang that smuggles tobacco into Europe* * *f1 introduction3 INFOR input* * ** * *introducción n introduction -
4 давление
pressure (press, pr)
-, абсолютное (абс.) — absolute pressure
сумма избыточного и бараметрического давлений. давление отсчитываемое от абсалютного нуля. — sum of gage and barometric pressures. pressure above the absolute zero value of pressure.
-, атмосферное — atmospheric pressure
давление в любой точке атмосферы, создаваемое только массой атмосферного воздуха, воздействующей на данную точку. — pressure due solely to the weight of the atmospheric gases above the point conearned.
-, атмосферное (по метеосводке) — reported atmospheric pressure
-, атмосферное, на уровне аэродрома, текущее (при установке барометрической шкалы высотомера) — qfe
-, атмосферное, приведенное к уровню моря (при устаковке барометрической шкалы высотомера) — qnh set the altimeter to actual qnh at transition level.
-, атмосферное, приведенное к уровню моря, местное — local qnh. the change in altimeter setting from 1013 mb to local qnh is made when an approach clearance is issued.
-, атмосферное, приведенное к уровню моря, по метеосводке — forecast qnh (value)
-, атмосферное, приведенное к уровню моря, фактическое — actual onh. compare actual qnh with forecast value and set the altimeter to actual qnh at transition level.
-, атмосферное, стандартное (показание высотомера при установке барометрической шкалы на стандартное давление) — qne
- аэродрома — ground pressure, atmospheric pressure at aerodrome level
-, барометрическое — atmospheric pressure, barometric pressure
- в автомате загрузки — (artificial) feel pressure
- в баке — tank pressure
- в газовоздушном тракте двигателя (с учетом промежуточных давлений перед и за турбинами вд и нд р1....р7 и без учета этих давлений р1... р4) — engine gas flow pressure (p1... р7 or p1... p4)
- в кабине — cabin pressure
- в кабине, абсолютное — absolute cabin pressure
- в кабине, соответствующее высоте... м — cabin pressure altitude of... m
в самолете должно подперживаться давление в кабине, соответствующее высоте не более 15000 фт, при возможном отказе или неисправности системы герметизации кабин. — the airplane must be able to maintain а cabin pressure altitude of not more than 15,000 feet in the event of any reasonably probable failure or malfunction in the pressurization system.
- в камере сгорания — combustion chamber pressure
- в магистрали (линии) — line pressure
- в мб (миллибарах) — pressure in mb (millibars)
- в мм вод. ст. (водяного столба) — pressure in... mm н20
- в мм рт. ст. (ртутного столба) — pressure in mm... hg
- в натяжной камере (высотнаго компенсирующего костюма) — capstan pressure
- в (опорах) вала — bearing pressure
- в пневматиках (колес) — tire (inflation) pressure
- в (нагрудной) пневмокамере (высотного компенсирующего костюма) — (chest) bladder pressure
- в системе — system pressure
- в стояночном тормозе (в системе тормоза) — parking brake pressure
- включения (начала подачи насосом давления в гидросистему) — cut-in pressure
- в критической точке — stagnation /impact/ pressure
давление потока на тело в точке полного торможения потока. — тhe pressure at а stagnation point.
- воздуха за вентилятором компрессора нд — lp compressor fan outlet pressure
- воздуха за компрессором (вд) — (hp) compressor delivery pressure
" возд(уха) на запуск" — start air press(ure)
- воздуха, статическое — static air pressure
- впрыска — injection pressure
- всасывания — suction pressure
- всасывания при откачке топлива из баков (на земле) — defueling suction pressure
-, входное — inlet pressure
давление жидкости (газа), подаваемое в агрегат (напр., насос). — а pressure of liquid (gas) entering the pump.
- выключения (прекращения подачи давления в систему) — cutout pressure
- выключения (сигнализатора давления) — (pressure switch) reset pressure
-, высокое — high pressure (hp)
- выхлопа — exhaust pressure
- выхлопных газов — exhaust pressure
- газов за турбиной — turbine exhaust pressure
- газов за турбиной низкого давления — lp turbine exhaust (total) pressure (p7)
- газов за (поспедней) турбиной, полное — turbine exhaust total pressure (р7)
- газовоздушного тракта двигатепя (с учетом промежуточных давлений перед и за турбинами вд и нд р1... р7) (рис. 48) — engine gas flow pressure (р1... р7)
- газовоздушного тракта двигатепя (без учета промежуточных давлений перед и за турбинами вд и нд р1... р4) (рис. 48) — engine gas flow pressure (p1... р4)
- гидроаккумулятора — accumulator reserved pressure
-, динамическое (q) (скоростной напор) — dynamic pressure (q), impact pressure
давление, создаваемое движущейся жидкостью (газом) и равное 1/2 pv2 — the pressure of a fluid resulting from its motion equal to 1/2 pv2
разность между полным давлением потока и статическим давлением жидкости (газа) в несжимаемом потоке — in incompressible flow dynamic pressure is the difference between total pressure and static pressure.
impact pressure is equal to dynamic pressure in incompressible flow.
-, динамическое (для апределения и обозначения системы пвд, ее приборов, приемников пвд и ппд, трубопроводов и штуцеров, маркируемых буквой "д". — pitot (pressure), "p" the pitot system feeds ram air pressure to the appropriate instruments through the pitot lines. the pitot lines are fitted with pitot selector.
-, динамическое (скоростной напор в сжимаемом потокe, включающий поправку на изменение давления, вызванного влиянием сжимаемости потока) — impact pressure in compressible flow impact pressure include ure change owing to the compressibility effect.
-, динамическое (если имеется в виду полное давление, подаваемое на приемники пвд и ппд) — total /pitot/ pressure
-, динамическое, рабочее (основное) (переключатель) — normal pitot pressure (norm pitot)
-, динамическое, резервное (переключатепь) — auxiliary pitot pressure (aux pitot)
- дня (на аэродроме) — pressure of the day (at the aerodrome level)
-, дополнительное — additional pressure
- за компрессором вд (рз) — hp compressor delivery pressure (p3)
- за компрессором нд (р2) — lp compressor delivery pressure (p2)
- за турбиной (р4 - без учета промежуточных давлений перед и за турбинами вд и нд) — turbine exhaust pressure (p4)
- за турбиной высокого давпения (рз) — hp turbine exhaust pressure (p5)
- за турбиной низкого давления — lp turbine exhaust pressure (р6)
- за турбиной, полное (р7 - с учетом промежуточных давлений перед и за турбинами вд и нд) — turbine exhaust total pressure (р7)
- закрытия клапана — valve-closing pressure
-, зарядное (амортстойки) — inflation pressure
- зарядки гидроаккумулятора, начальное — hydraulic accumulator initial air inflation pressure
-, звуковое — sound pressure
-, избыточное (избыток давления) — excess(ive) pressure
- избыточное (перепад давлений) — pressure differential
-, избыточное (по показанию манометра, ати) — gauge /gage/ pressure
давление, показываемое манометром, сверх атмосфернаго. — pressure indicated by а gauge above atmospheric.
разность между атмосферным и абсолютным давлением по дифференциальному манометру, — the difference between atmospheric pressure and absolute pressures as read from a differential manometer.
-, избыточное (положительный перепад давлений в гермокабине) — positive pressure differential
избыточное давление считается положительным, если давление внутри самолета выше атмосферного. — the pressure differential is positive when the internal pressure is greater than the external.
cabin is pressurized to differential of... kg/cm2.
- измерителя крутящего момента — torque (meter) pressure
-, кабинное — cabin pressure
- "кабины мало" (табло) — low cabin pressure (low cab press)
- колеса на грунт, удельное — wheel tire-ground bearing pressure, specific pressure of the wheel tire on the ground
-, командное (воздушное, топливное) — controlling (air, fuel) pressure
-, конечное — final pressure
-, контактное — contact pressure
-, критическое — critical pressure
-, максимальное рабочее — maximum operating pressure (max oper press)
-, манометрическое (избыточнoe) — gauge /gage/ pressure
-"масла мало" — low oil press(ure)
- масла на входе в двигатель — engine oil inlet pressure (oil-in press)
-, масла, недостаточное — low oil pressure
- на аэродроме (атмосферное) — atmospheric pressure at aerodrome level
- на всасывании (пд с нагнетателем) — manifold pressure
- на входе — inlet pressure
- на входе в воздухозаборник — air intake pressure
- на входе в двигатель (р1) — engine inlet pressure (p1)
- на входе в двигатель, полнoe — engine inlet total pressure (p1)
- на входе в компрессор вд — hp compressor inlet pressure
- на входе в компрессор нд (p1) — lp compressor inlet pressure (p1)
- на входе в насос — pump inlet pressure
- газов на входе в турбину — turbine inlet pressure (р4)
- на входе в турбину вд — hp turbine inlet pressure
- на входе в турбину нд — lp turbine inlet pressure
- на выхлопе — exhaust pressure
- на выходе — outlet pressure
- на выходе из компрессора вд (рз) — hp compressor delivery pressure (рз)
- на выходе из компрессора нд (р2) — lp compressor delivery pressure (р2)
- на выходе из насоса — pump outlet pressure
- на выходе из реактивного сопла — nozzle exit pressure
- на выходе из турбины — turbine exhaust pressure
- на выходе из турбины вд (p5) — hp turbine exhaust pressure (p5)
- на выходе из турбины нд (p6) — lp turbine exhaust pressure (p6)
- на выходе из турбины (турбин вд и нд), полное (р7) — turbine exhaust total pressure (р7)
- (усилие) на ручке управления (или штурвале) в направлении на себя — control stick (or wheel) back pressure
- (усилие) на ручке управления (или штурвале) в направлении от себя — control stick (or wheel) forward pressure
- на срезе реактивного сопла — exhaust nozzle exit pressure
- на уровне аэродрома — (atmospheric) pressure at aerodrome level
- на уровне моря атмосферное давление на среднем уровне моря. — sea-level pressure the atmospheric pressure at mean sea level.
- на уровне (метео) станции (или точки замера) — station pressure. the atmospheric pressure computed for the level of the station elevation.
- нагнетания (насоса) — (pump) outlet pressure
- нагнетания при заправке (топливом) — fueling delivery pressure
- наддува (кабины, баков) — pressurization pressure
- наддува (рк) — manifold pressure (man pres)
давление воздуха (или горючей смеси) на выходе из компрессора (нагнетателя) пд. — pressure delivered by the engine supercharger.
-, начальное — initial pressure
-, неустановившееся — transient pressure
-, низкое (нд) — low pressure (lp)
- нулевой подачи (гидронасоса, работающего через автомат разгрузки). — zero delivery pressure. the stabilized pressure at which the delivery of a variable-delivery hydraulic pump becomes automatically zero.
-, обратное — backpressure
- окружающего воздуха (ро) — ambient pressure (po)
- опрессовки (испытательное) — test pressure
-, осевое — axial pressure
-, остаточное (в системе) — residual pressure
- открытия (клапана) — (valve) opening pressure
-, относительное — relative pressure
-, отрицательное (разрежение) — negative pressure
- перед компрессором нд (p1) — lp compressor inlet pressure (p1)
- перед топливными форсунками (двиг.) — fuel nozzle inlet pressure
- перед турбиной вд и нд (р4) — turbine inlet pressure (р4)
- перекачки (напр. топлива) — transfer pressure
- пневматика (шины) — tire pressure
- пневматика (шины) на грунт, удельное — tire-ground bearing pressure
-, повышенное (за установленный предел) — overpressure, excess(ive) pressure
- подачи — delivery pressure
-, подводимое (к насосу) — (pump) inlet pressure
- полное — total pressure, (full) impact pressure, ram air pressure.
сумма статического и динамического давлений воздушного потока. — sum of static and dynamic pressures.
динамическое давление разность между полным и статическим давлениями. — impact pressure is total pressure less static pressure.
приемник пвд измеряет полное и статическое давление и разность между полным и статическим давлениями используется для измерения скорости потока. — pitot-static tube is used in measuring impact and static pressures. а difference between impact and static pressures is used to measure the flow velocity.
the pitot system feeds ram air pressure to asi.
-, полное (при рассмотрении принципа работы приемников полного и воздушных давлений) — (full) impact pressure the pitot tube end open to the airstream receives the full impact pressure.
-, полное, на входе в двигатель (p1) — engine inlet total pressure (p1) epr is the ratio of turbine
exhaust total pressure (p4) to engine inlet total pressure (p1)
- полного торможения (потока) — total pressure
- по метеосводке (барометрическое) — reported (atmospheric) pressure
-, постоянное — constant pressure
-, предельное — limit pressure
-, предельное (разрушающее) — ultimate pressure
-, рабочее — operating pressure
-, равновесное — equilibrium pressure
- разрушающее (предельное) — ultimate pressure
- разрыва (какого-либо сосуда, работающего под давлением, или авиашины) — bursting pressure
- сжатия — compression pressure
- скоростного напора (q) — dynamic pressure (q) q = pp - ps
- скоростного напора на входе (в двиг.) — ram intake pressure
- срабатывания — actuation pressure
- срабатывания (сигнализатора давления) — operating pressure
-, статическое — static pressure
давление окружающей среды на поверхность в состоянии покоя. — the pressure with respect to а surface at rest in relation to the surrounding fluid.
-, статическое, рабочее (переключатепь) — normal static pressure (norm static)
-, статическое, резервное (переключатель) — auxiliary static pressure (aux static)
- топлива, подаваемое к форсункам — burner pressure (рь)
- торможения (полное, возд. потока) — total pressure total pressure less static pressure is a dynamic pressure.
- торможения (потока) — stagnation pressure
давление в точке торможения потока. — the pressure at a stagnation point.
давление идеального потока. заторможенного без потерь энергии. — the pressure а moving fliud would have if it were brought to rest without losses.
- торможения колес — wheel braking pressure
- торможения колес, располагаемое — pressure available for wheel braking
-, удельное — specific pressure
- управления — control pressure
-, установленное — set pressure
-, установочное (редуктора) — set pressure
- форсажного топлива — afterburner fuel pressure
- щетки (потенциометра) — wiper tension
- щетки (электрической машины) — brush pressure
возрастание д. — pressure rise
диапазон д. — pressure range
диапазон рабочих д. — operating pressure range
зона (область) высокого (барометрического) д. — high-pressure area
зона (область) низкого (барометрического) д. — low-pressure area
испытание д. — pressure test
нарастание д. — pressure rise
перемена д. — change in pressure
перепад д. — pressure differential
повышение д. — increase in pressure
под д. — under pressure
подача (жидкости) под д. — (fluid) delivery /supply/ under pressure
понижение д. — decrease in pressure
потеря д. — pressure loss
при отсутствии д. — at zero pressure
разность д. — pressure differential
распределение д. — pressure distribution
распространение д. — pressure propagation
скачок д. — pressure surge
спад д. — pressure drop
стравливание д. — pressure relief
характер д. — nature of pressure
центр д. — center of pressure
эффект д. — effect of pressure
выдерживать д....кг/см2 — withstand pressure of...kg/sq.cm
выдерживать д. (на апределенном уровне) — maintain pressure
доводить д. до... — build up pressure up to...
наддувать кабину на избыточнoe д.... кг/см2 — pressurize the cabin to a differential of... kg/sq.cm
обеспечивать д. в кабине, соответствующее высоте... м — provide а cabin pressure altitude of... m
отводить (сбрасывать) д. в атмосферу (за борт) — discharge pressure overboard
подавать д. в... — supply /apply, deliver/ pressure to
подавать гидрожидкость под д.... кг/см2 — supply... kg/cm2 hydraulic pressure
подавать (жидкость) под д. — supply (fluid) under pressure, supply (fluid) at the pressure of... kg/cm2
подводить д. к... — apply /supply/ pressure to...
поддерживать д. (на определенном уровне) — maintain pressure
поднимать д. — build up pressure
понижать д. — reduce pressure
прикладывать д. к... — apply pressure to...
сбрасывать д. — relieve pressure
снимать д. — relieve pressure
создавать (задавать) д. (по манометру) — build-up /create/ pressure with reference /referring/ to pressure indicator
стравливать д. — relieve /release/ pressure
стравливать д. в атмосферу (за борт) — release pressure to the atmosphere /overboard/
увеличивать д. — increase pressure
уменьшать д. — decrease pressureРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > давление
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5 наружу
•To pass from the inside to the outside of the fuel tube,...
•The liquid entering... is thrown outward by centrifugal force.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > наружу
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6 при
•I (α, φ)200 is the intensity of the 200 reflection at a given α and φ.
•The engine develops 340 hp at 1900 rpm.
•For a given centre distance, the length of a crossed belt will be a constant.
•In starting up, the starter should be set at...
•Certain precautions must be taken to obtain satisfactory results in using this equipment.
•On ignition the ingredients must vaporize.
•On interruption of the electric current the valve closes instantly.
•The temperature is read (up)on entering and leaving the water jacket.
•Bentonite shrinks upon drying.
•When added to aluminium, germanium produces a better hardening effect than silicon.
•When employing these compounds as fuel additives, we...
•When tuning a system for optimum performance one must...
•With an overall length of 18 ft the machine weighs 15 tons.
•The compressor operates with one suction valve open.
•Both shot core drilling and rotary drilling methods are used in shaft drilling.
•Given comparable costs for raw materials, the manufacturing cost is determined largely by the weight of the component.
•The breakdown of bias voltage decreases by a few tenths of a millivolt for every °C increase in temperature.
•With the proper combination of resistors and capacitors, the voltage will be...
•With (or In) this method, the amount of material to be removed can be closely controlled.
•Given the extraordinary resolution of the Space Telescope, it is possible to detect...
•The conductance increases linearly with the addition of H+.
•The lower inertia of the cone clutch elements permits rapid reversal with low energy loss.
•In moving through the tube the atoms collide with...
•The potential energy is taken as zero for (or as, or with, or when) a → ∞,...
•The equation is useful comparing diffusion currents from electrodes with different capillary characteristics.
•Neutron stars are apparently born the explosions of supernovas.
•Such a function is real for real z.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > при
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7 затыкать пробкой
•The ends of the tube are closed (or plugged) by rubber stoppers [or stopped up (or closed) with plugs].
* * *Затыкать пробкой-- Plug the ports on hydraulic pumps and cylinders to prevent dirt from entering the components.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > затыкать пробкой
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8 наружу
•To pass from the inside to the outside of the fuel tube,...
•The liquid entering... is thrown outward by centrifugal force.
* * *Наружу-- Ensure that the bolt securing the long wedge and the upper and lower bases as a unit is loose enough to allow wedge to slide outward. Нарушать - to disturb, to upset; to compromise, to violate, to offence (требования, условия, нормы); to infringe (закон)Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > наружу
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9 соответствовать установившейся практике
Соответствовать установившейся практике-- The basic composition of the bath corresponds to usual practice. Соответствующий - appropriate (to); associated, involved, applicable, relevant, along the lines of (имеющий отношение к делу); proper, suitable, matching (подходящий); commensurate with, associated, corresponding (связанный зависимостью); corresponding, respective (при сопоставлении нескольких результатов, деталей); conforming to, complying with (подчиняющийся)The appropriate values are shown in Table and Fig.Physical properties appropriate to methanol boiling at atmospheric pressure were used throughout this analysis.It is important to note that the engine contained the normal regenerator disk and associated seals.It is possible that it [resonance] is not recognized as the casual agent and a general beefing-up of the parts involved is undertaken as a fix for the problem.The supplier shall establish procedures for identifying the product from applicable drawings.sT, sr are the stresses to give a specific strain or rupture in the lifetime of the vessel at the relevant temperature.Emergency shower, drench hose, and combination units are not a substitute for proper primary protective devices.A manipulator along the lines of Fig. has been examined by X.It is preferable to accept weaker weld metals with good ductility, rather than a weld metal which has matching strength but poor ductility.The atomizing air is preheated to the same temperature as the heated (temperature commensurate with 100 SSU viscosity) residual fuel oil entering the burner oil tube.Over the past few decades the generator capacity has been increasing steadily, warranting a corresponding increase in the rotor diameter.The initially measured value of the drag coefficient in each run is 10 percent to 12 percent higher than the corresponding steady-state value.Surrounding the stagnation zone are streak lines indicating that the fluid adjacent to the plate surface is flowing outward toward the respective edges.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > соответствовать установившейся практике
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10 De Forest, Lee
SUBJECT AREA: Broadcasting, Electronics and information technology, Photography, film and optics, Recording, Telecommunications[br]b. 26 August 1873 Council Bluffs, Iowa, USAd. 30 June 1961 Hollywood, California, USA[br]American electrical engineer and inventor principally known for his invention of the Audion, or triode, vacuum tube; also a pioneer of sound in the cinema.[br]De Forest was born into the family of a Congregational minister that moved to Alabama in 1879 when the father became President of a college for African-Americans; this was a position that led to the family's social ostracism by the white community. By the time he was 13 years old, De Forest was already a keen mechanical inventor, and in 1893, rejecting his father's plan for him to become a clergyman, he entered the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. Following his first degree, he went on to study the propagation of electromagnetic waves, gaining a PhD in physics in 1899 for his thesis on the "Reflection of Hertzian Waves from the Ends of Parallel Wires", probably the first US thesis in the field of radio.He then joined the Western Electric Company in Chicago where he helped develop the infant technology of wireless, working his way up from a modest post in the production area to a position in the experimental laboratory. There, working alone after normal working hours, he developed a detector of electromagnetic waves based on an electrolytic device similar to that already invented by Fleming in England. Recognizing his talents, a number of financial backers enabled him to set up his own business in 1902 under the name of De Forest Wireless Telegraphy Company; he was soon demonstrating wireless telegraphy to interested parties and entering into competition with the American Marconi Company.Despite the failure of this company because of fraud by his partners, he continued his experiments; in 1907, by adding a third electrode, a wire mesh, between the anode and cathode of the thermionic diode invented by Fleming in 1904, he was able to produce the amplifying device now known as the triode valve and achieve a sensitivity of radio-signal reception much greater than possible with the passive carborundum and electrolytic detectors hitherto available. Patented under the name Audion, this new vacuum device was soon successfully used for experimental broadcasts of music and speech in New York and Paris. The invention of the Audion has been described as the beginning of the electronic era. Although much development work was required before its full potential was realized, the Audion opened the way to progress in all areas of sound transmission, recording and reproduction. The patent was challenged by Fleming and it was not until 1943 that De Forest's claim was finally recognized.Overcoming the near failure of his new company, the De Forest Radio Telephone Company, as well as unsuccessful charges of fraudulent promotion of the Audion, he continued to exploit the potential of his invention. By 1912 he had used transformer-coupling of several Audion stages to achieve high gain at radio frequencies, making long-distance communication a practical proposition, and had applied positive feedback from the Audion output anode to its input grid to realize a stable transmitter oscillator and modulator. These successes led to prolonged patent litigation with Edwin Armstrong and others, and he eventually sold the manufacturing rights, in retrospect often for a pittance.During the early 1920s De Forest began a fruitful association with T.W.Case, who for around ten years had been working to perfect a moving-picture sound system. De Forest claimed to have had an interest in sound films as early as 1900, and Case now began to supply him with photoelectric cells and primitive sound cameras. He eventually devised a variable-density sound-on-film system utilizing a glow-discharge modulator, the Photion. By 1926 De Forest's Phonofilm had been successfully demonstrated in over fifty theatres and this system became the basis of Movietone. Though his ideas were on the right lines, the technology was insufficiently developed and it was left to others to produce a system acceptable to the film industry. However, De Forest had played a key role in transforming the nature of the film industry; within a space of five years the production of silent films had all but ceased.In the following decade De Forest applied the Audion to the development of medical diathermy. Finally, after spending most of his working life as an independent inventor and entrepreneur, he worked for a time during the Second World War at the Bell Telephone Laboratories on military applications of electronics.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitute of Electronic and Radio Engineers Medal of Honour 1922. President, Institute of Electronic and Radio Engineers 1930. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Edison Medal 1946.Bibliography1904, "Electrolytic detectors", Electrician 54:94 (describes the electrolytic detector). 1907, US patent no. 841,387 (the Audion).1950, Father of Radio, Chicago: WIlcox \& Follett (autobiography).De Forest gave his own account of the development of his sound-on-film system in a series of articles: 1923. "The Phonofilm", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 16 (May): 61–75; 1924. "Phonofilm progress", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 20:17–19; 1927, "Recent developments in the Phonofilm", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 27:64–76; 1941, "Pioneering in talking pictures", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 36 (January): 41–9.Further ReadingG.Carneal, 1930, A Conqueror of Space (biography).I.Levine, 1964, Electronics Pioneer, Lee De Forest (biography).E.I.Sponable, 1947, "Historical development of sound films", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 48 (April): 275–303 (an authoritative account of De Forest's sound-film work, by Case's assistant).W.R.McLaurin, 1949, Invention and Innovation in the Radio Industry.C.F.Booth, 1955, "Fleming and De Forest. An appreciation", in Thermionic Valves 1904– 1954, IEE.V.J.Phillips, 1980, Early Radio Detectors, London: Peter Peregrinus.KF / JW
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